drugbank id name groups pubchem id description indication target(s) score DB03014 Heme experimental 4973 P09601;P0A387;Q8GGK7;Q939D2;P35354;Q9L142;P68871;P95522;Q9Z4P4;Q9Z4P0;P82291;P35520;Q8RBX6;P0C278;P02144;P81154;P82599;Q9RGD9;P00150;Q54450;P81238;Q00441;Q52369;P00167;Q9UJM8;P21179;P04164;P04040;Q74BP5;P00083;P00080;P11712;P72849;P04252;O31607;P33260;Q15735;Q9XCU0;O07621;P72181;P00099;P00094;P00091;P00132;P00133;Q9KZR7;P00131;P20813;P73925;P10955;P76129;P72322;P09917;P51687;Q9RN68;Q9L915;Q834P5;P00147;P29474;P29475;P00149;Q57142;P83787;O43169;Q8E9W8;Q8VNU2;P0A514;P42321;P0A512;Q9HX49;O34453;Q9KIZ4;P22759;P24232;P23222;Q8GR64;P83223;O31440;Q8VQF6;P69891;P00118;P71119;P02790;P08684;P24092;P23219;P35228;P0A595;P0A592;Q9S1E5;Q50925;Q5SME3;P74133;Q746J6;Q9NPG2;Q31MN3;O69002;Q59738;P10632;Q8RN04;Q9FCA6;P99999;P0ABE7;Q8EDL6;P94690;P14774;P14779;Q08129;Q8WWM9;P82603;P29422;Q9F3S9;P55929;P46206;P00183;Q8RN03;P0A094;P77872;P39662;P44654 0.983909097086 DB02235 Methionine Sulfoxide experimental 9577091 P05067;P29422;Q93UV9 0.93795 DB07001 (3S,5E)-3-propyl-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-f][1,4]oxazepin-5(2H)-imine experimental 24941263 P29474 0.933116 DB02994 Hydroxydimethylarsine Oxide experimental 2513 P11488;P12497;P29474;P15121 0.933116 DB03918 6s-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobiopterin experimental 5702551 P29474 0.933116 DB03332 5,6-Cyclic-Tetrahydropteridine experimental 6323220 P29474 0.933116 DB01686 N,N-dimethylarginine experimental 123831 Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring chemical found in blood plasma. It is a metabolic by-product of continual protein modification processes in the cytoplasm of all human cells. It is closely related to L-arginine, a conditionally-essential amino acid. ADMA interferes with L-arginine in the production of nitric oxide, a key chemical to endothelial and hence cardiovascular health. [Wikipedia] P29474;P35228 0.933116 DB07244 5-{4-[(3,5-DIFLUOROBENZYL)AMINO]PHENYL}-6-ETHYLPYRIMIDINE-2,4-DIAMINE experimental 6914633 P00797;P29474 0.933116 DB02207 7-Nitroindazole experimental 1893 P35228;P29474 0.933116 DB03144 N-Omega-Hydroxy-L-Arginine experimental 123895 O34453;P05089;P35228;P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB03974 L-Homoarginine experimental 5288582 P29474 0.933116 DB00155 L-Citrulline approved;nutraceutical 9750 Citrulline is an amino acid. It is made from ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate in one of the central reactions in the urea cycle. It is also produced from arginine as a by-product of the reaction catalyzed by NOS family. Its name is derived from citrullus, the Latin word for watermelon, from which it was first isolated. Used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance. Q9Y2J8;O94760;P00480;P00966;Q9UM07;O95865;Q6TGC4;Q5T6L4;Q9ULW8;P29474;P29475;Q9ULC6;P35228 0.933116 DB03963 S-(Dimethylarsenic)Cysteine experimental 46936846 Q9Y678;Q13426;P0A745;P16753;P12497;P29474;O60603;P03300 0.933116 DB01110 Miconazole approved 4189 An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion. [PubChem] For topical application in the treatment of tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), tinea cruris, and tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum, in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis (moniliasis), and in the treatment of tinea versicolor. P10613;Q12809;Q9Y691;Q9NS40;O15554;Q16558;Q92952;Q9NPA1;Q9H2S1;P29474;Q86W47;Q9UGI6;Q9H252;P35228;Q12791 0.933116 DB01821 L-N(Omega)-Nitroarginine-2,4-L-Diaminobutyric Amide experimental 46936229 P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB02692 (6r,1'r,2's)-5,6,7,8 Tetrahydrobiopterin experimental 5702551 P00439;P35228;P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB08019 N-{(3R,4S)-4-[(6-amino-4-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}-N'-(3-chlorobenzyl)ethane-1,2-diamine experimental 25021186 P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB03100 6-Nitroindazole experimental 24239 P29474;P35228 0.933116 DB08018 N-{(3S,4S)-4-[(6-AMINO-4-METHYLPYRIDIN-2-YL)METHYL]PYRROLIDIN-3-YL}-N'-(4-CHLOROBENZYL)ETHANE-1,2-DIAMINE experimental 24798097 P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB03305 N5-Iminoethyl-L-Ornithine experimental 40489058 P29474 0.933116 DB02335 2-Aminothiazoline experimental 15689 P29474 0.933116 DB02589 Se-Ethyl-Isoselenourea experimental 449633 P29474 0.933116 DB00360 Tetrahydrobiopterin approved 1125 Tetrahydrobiopterin or BH4 is a cofactor in the synthesis of nitric oxide. It is also essential in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine by the enzyme phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase; the conversion of tyrosine to L-dopa by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase; and conversion of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan via tryptophan hydroxylase. [Wikipedia] For the treatment of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency. P17752;P00439;P07101;P29474 0.933116 DB02077 L-N(Omega)-Nitroarginine-(4r)-Amino-L-Proline Amide experimental 656912 P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB01833 L-2-Amino-4-(Guanidinooxy)Butyric Acid experimental 439202 P29474 0.933116 DB03065 7-Nitroindazole-2-Carboxamidine experimental 1894 P29474 0.933116 DB07388 ETHYL 4-[(4-METHYLPYRIDIN-2-YL)AMINO]PIPERIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE experimental 11149707 P29474;P35228 0.933116 DB04018 S-Isopropyl-Isothiourea experimental 445319 P29474 0.933116 DB02234 Ethylisothiourea experimental 5139 P0A094;P29474;P35228 0.933116 DB04223 Nitroarginine experimental 440005 An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6) P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB02027 N-{(4s)-4-Amino-5-[(2-Aminoethyl)Amino]Pentyl}-N'-Nitroguanidine experimental 656911 P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB04559 N-(Chlorophenyl)-N'-Hydroxyguanidine experimental 181426 P29474 0.933116 DB02141 S,S'-(1,4-Phenylene-Bis(1,2-Ethanediyl))Bis-Isothiourea experimental 1337 P29474 0.933116 DB02911 2,4-Diamino-6-Phenyl-5,6,7,8,-Tetrahydropteridine experimental 445109 P29474 0.933116 DB02044 N-(3-(Aminomethyl)Benzyl)Acetamidine experimental 1433 P35228;P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB04534 5-Nitroindazole experimental 21501 P29474;P35228 0.933116 DB00125 L-Arginine approved;nutraceutical 6322 An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. [PubChem] Used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance. Q96A70;P04424;Q8WY07;P78540;P30825;O43246;P29474;P00966;P35228 0.933116 DB01997 3-Bromo-7-Nitroindazole experimental 1649 P35228;P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB03707 S-Ethyl-N-Phenyl-Isothiourea experimental 347590 P29474;P29475 0.933116 DB03910 S,S'-(1,3-Phenylene-Bis(1,2-Ethanediyl))Bis-Isothiourea experimental 1331 P29474 0.933116 DB02979 N1,N14-Bis((S-Methyl)Isothioureido)Tetradecane experimental 11740154 P29474 0.933116 DB02048 1,2,4-Triazole-Carboxamidine experimental 3387240 P29474 0.933116 DB08888 Ocriplasmin approved Ocriplasmin is a recombinant truncated form of human plasmin with a molecular weight of 27.2 kDa produced by recombinant DNA technology in a Pichia pastoris expression system. Ocriplasmin is a protein made up of 249 amino acids and has two peptide chains. Agent for pharmacologic vitreolysis; thrombolytic agent. FDA approved in October 17, 2012. Ocriplasmin is a proteolytic enzyme indicated for the treatment for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. P08697;P01023;P02751 0.929444 DB00102 Becaplermin approved Becaplermin is produced by recombinant DNA technology by insertion of the gene for the B chain of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) into the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Becaplermin has a molecular weight of approximately 25 KD and is a homodimer composed of two identical polypeptide chains that are bound together by disulfide bonds For topical treatment of skin ulcers (from diabetes) P01023;P09619;P16234 0.929444 DB00626 Bacitracin approved Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy. Its unique name derives from the fact that the bacillus producing it was first isolated in 1943 from a knee scrape from a girl named Margaret Tracy. As a toxic and difficult-to-use antibiotic, bacitracin doesn't work well orally. However, it is very effective topically. Bacitracin is synthesised via the so-called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which means that ribosomes are not involved in its synthesis. For the treatment of infants with pneumonia and empyema caused by staphylococci shown to be susceptible to the drug. Also used in ointment form for topical treatment of a variety of localized skin and eye infections, as well as for the prevention of wound infections. Used against gram positive bacteria. Bacitracin is also used as an inhibitor of proteases and other enzymes. However, specific activity of bactracin's inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase has been called into question. P01023;P14735 0.929444 DB02944 Alpha-D-Mannose experimental 6992084 A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) P04054;P06820;P49424;P03315;P10144;P08100;P01130;Q9Y286;P11717;P36913;P24855;P32927;P30328;P52799;P05546;Q9NNX6;Q9BZR6;P09848;P25311;Q59288;P27915;P08069;P01854;P03391;P06276;P16410;Q9UKM7;P36222;P11226;Q10472;P07339;Q9HYN5;P29460;P02671;P03437;P01008;P15309;P77847;P01574;P12528;Q9UKY3;P81180;P08236;P01215;P35936;Q46079;P12319;P42658;P31723;P05884;P07359;P80188;P06729;P03472;P15529;P17342;P23219;P13688;P33908;P00736;P01859;P09382;Q9BZ11;P08887;P61626;P23141;P01857;P19961;P02788;P06280;P12564;P29475;Q9ZF13;P02749;P27487;O75976 0.925694003343 DB00064 Serum albumin iodonated approved A diagnostic radiopharmaceutical containing iodinated I 131 albumin for intravenous imaging. Following intravenous injection, radioiodinated albumin human is uniformly distributed throughout the intravascular pool within 10 minutes; extravascular distribution takes place more slowly (2 days). Indicated for use in determinations of total blood and plasma volumes, cardiac output, cardiac and pulmonary blood volumes and circulation times For determination of total blood and plasma volumes P02760;P02735;P02649 0.909652 DB00062 Human Serum Albumin approved Human serum albumin isolated from expired blood plasma For treatment of severe blood loss, hypervolemia, hypoproteinemia P02760;P02735;P02649 0.909652 DB07585 5-(5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine experimental 24798742 P49841;P31749 0.903772 DB03431 Adenosine-5'-Diphosphate experimental 5702665 Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. [PubChem] P08107;P22259;P54278;P0A4Z2;P74881;Q9CHL8;P43773;P04425;Q7BK04;Q9BW19;P10153;P07900;O34797;P06710;Q03518;Q9BZX2;P27707;Q16774;Q05397;P23919;P0A6I3;Q72H90;P0A6I9;P06855;Q5SH23;P00497;P40937;Q48745;O14727;P49137;O15066;P61221;P0A6W9;Q13838;Q9WXM9;P35749;P00367;O94832;P24425;P03070;P15879;P23677;P03176;O00764;P00558;P55072;P51570;P07998;Q04230;Q9WZW1;P13000;O66659;P0A1P6;P33176;P0A5Y8;Q9HTN2;P14625;P48637;P14900;P0ABH9;P62219;O14983;P26281;Q56313;Q56310;P0A3F3;P28366;P83820;P0A6F3;P0A820;P11904;P78362;O14874;P04035;P75430;P33221;P49368;P0A7G9;P68133;Q59560;P13569;P69441;O14965;P30085;P08238;Q83MF7;P10721;Q15119;P10880;P0A3Y5;Q97F65;Q746L7;P15531;O43252;Q7Z406;Q99661;P06732;P19367;P03132;P09029;P08690;P11568;Q8N139;P52732;O67198;P00459;P0A6Z3;Q96QT4;Q00266;Q94M05;P11142;P16099;P0A9J6;P0A6C8;P08192;O25926;Q12756;P44492;P49841;Q969G6;Q9LCZ4 0.903772 DB08073 (2S)-1-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)-3-{[5-(3-METHYL-1H-INDAZOL-5-YL)PYRIDIN-3-YL]OXY}PROPAN-2-AMINE experimental 10172943 P17612;P49841;P61925;P31751 0.903772 DB04014 Alsterpaullone experimental 5005498 Q00535;P49841;P06493;O75100 0.903772 DB03444 (3e)-6'-Bromo-2,3'-Biindole-2',3(1h,1'h)-Dione 3-Oxime experimental 5287844 P49841 0.903772 DB02010 Staurosporine experimental 44120114 An indolocarbazole that is a potent protein kinase C inhibitor which enhances cAMP-mediated responses in human neuroblastoma cells. (Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;214(3):1114-20) Q04759;P11309;O15530;P48736;P41240;P24941;P43405;P49841;P06239;P43403;P49137;Q08881 0.903772 DB01950 N-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-Nitro-1,3-Thiazol-2-Yl)Urea experimental 448014 P49841 0.903772 DB04395 Phosphoaminophosphonic Acid-Adenylate Ester experimental 44462678 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation. [PubChem] P37093;Q83LD8;P08069;Q6L8F0;P78362;Q06609;P19367;Q9WZ57;P23677;Q16877;P33221;P29317;P11309;P23837;P23367;P49368;P0A6C8;P0A7G9;P68133;P55072;P03960;P23919;P45510;P51570;P13569;P0AEJ4;Q02880;P68400;Q99661;Q9RA63;Q96QT4;Q04230;P53778;P06239;P0A6I3;P08690;P48637;P45066;P49841;P59846;P20083;P0A3Y5;P0AES6;Q12756;P29323;Q56310;P53355;P0A6H7;Q9LCZ4;P53779;P0A820 0.903772 DB01793 I-5 experimental 448008 P49841 0.903772 DB07058 5-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione experimental 25181321 P49841 0.903772 DB07584 N-[2-(5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine experimental 24798741 P49841;P31749 0.903772 DB02052 Indirubin-3'-Monoxime experimental 5326739 P06493;O75100;Q00535;P49841;Q15078;P24941 0.903772 DB07812 N-[(1S)-2-amino-1-phenylethyl]-5-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide experimental 24963048 P49841;P31751 0.903772 DB07676 3-({[(3S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyl]oxy}amino)-1H,2'H-2,3'-biindol-2'-one experimental 24894167 Q16566;P49841 0.903772 DB07947 ISOQUINOLINE-5-SULFONIC ACID (2-(2-(4-CHLOROBENZYLOXY)ETHYLAMINO)ETHYL)AMIDE experimental 5327109 P17612;P49841;P61925;P31751 0.903772 DB07149 (7S)-2-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-7-(2-fluoroethyl)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one experimental 16757525 P49841 0.903772 DB07014 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-[(3-fluoro-4-methoxybenzyl)sulfanyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole experimental 2079916 P49841 0.903772 DB01356 Lithium approved 28486 Lithium was used during the 19th century to treat gout. Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium citrate, and lithium orotate are mood stabilizers. They are used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, since unlike most other mood altering drugs, they counteract both mania and depression. Lithium can also be used to augment other antidepressant drugs. It is also sometimes prescribed as a preventive treatment for migraine disease and cluster headaches. The active principle in these salts is the lithium ion Li+, which having a smaller diameter, can easily displace K+ and Na+ and even Ca+2, in spite of its greater charge, occupying their sites in several critical neuronal enzymes and neurotransmitter receptors. Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is used for treatment of depression and mania. It is often used in bipolar disorder treatment. P29218;P49841;O14732;P42263 0.903772 DB01772 3-[3-(2,3-Dihydroxy-Propylamino)-Phenyl]-4-(5-Fluoro-1-Methyl-1h-Indol-3-Yl)-Pyrrole-2,5-Dione experimental 448238 P49841 0.903772 DB07859 4-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-4-[4-(1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)PHENYL]PIPERIDINE experimental 11175137 P17612;P49841;P61925;P31751 0.903772 DB00030 Insulin Regular approved;experimental Insulin regular is a 51 residue peptide hormone, composed of two amino acid chains covalently linked by disulfide bonds. The structure is identical to native human insulin. Recombinant insulin is synthesized by recombinant DNA techncology. Inserting the human insulin gene into the Escherichia coli bacteria or Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces insulin for human use. Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and children with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. P06400;P08069;P98164;P48745;P07339;P16870;P16519;P29120;P06213;Q96C24;P14735;Q16270 0.899577 DB03096 N-Aminoethylmorpholine experimental 408285 P07339 0.899577 DB07542 5-AMINO-6-CYCLOHEXYL-4-HYDROXY-2-ISOBUTYL-HEXANOIC ACID experimental 6323244 P07339 0.899577 DB02216 S-Methylcysteine experimental 24417 P07339;P16455 0.899577 DB00071 Insulin, porcine approved Insulin isolated from pig pancreas. Composed of alpha and beta chains, processed from pro-insulin. Forms a hexameric structure For the treatment of type I and II diabetes mellitus. P06400;P08069;P98164;P48745;P07339;P16519;P16870;P01920;P29120;P06213;P01906;Q96C24;P14735;Q16270 0.899577 DB08740 CYCLOHEXYLMETHYL-2,3-DIHYDROXY-5-METHYL-HEXYLAMIDE experimental P00790;P07339 0.899577 DB03028 1h-Benoximidazole-2-Carboxylic Acid experimental 233240 P07339 0.899577 DB01065 Melatonin approved;nutraceutical 896 Melatonin is a biogenic amine that is found in animals, plants and microbes. Aaron B. Lerner of Yale University is credited for naming the hormone and for defining its chemical structure in 1958. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the pineal gland. The pineal gland is small endocrine gland, about the size of a rice grain and shaped like a pine cone (hence the name), that is located in the center of the brain (rostro-dorsal to the superior colliculus) but outside the blood-brain barrier. The secretion of melatonin increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light, thereby regulating the circadian rhythms of several biological functions, including the sleep-wake cycle. In particular, melatonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle by chemically causing drowsiness and lowering the body temperature. Melatonin is also implicated in the regulation of mood, learning and memory, immune activity, dreaming, fertility and reproduction. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant. Most of the actions of melatonin are mediated through the binding and activation of melatonin receptors. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may have lower than normal levels of melatonin. A 2008 study found that unaffected parents of individuals with ASD also have lower melatonin levels, and that the deficits were associated with low activity of the ASMT gene, which encodes the last enzyme of melatonin synthesis. Reduced melatonin production has also been proposed as a likely factor in the significantly higher cancer rates in night workers. Used orally for jet lag, insomnia, shift-work disorder, circadian rhythm disorders in the blind (evidence for efficacy), and benzodiazepine and nicotine withdrawal. Evidence indicates that melatonin is likely effective for treating circadian rhythm sleep disorders in blind children and adults. It has received FDA orphan drug status as an oral medication for this use. A number of studies have shown that melatonin may be effective for treating sleep-wake cycle disturbances in children and adolescents with mental retardation, autism, and other central nervous system disorders. It appears to decrease the time to fall asleep in children with developmental disabilities, such as cerebral palsy, autism, and mental retardation. It may also improve secondary insomnia associated with various sleep-wake cycle disturbances. Other possible uses for which there is some evidence for include: benzodiazepine withdrawal, cluster headache, delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS), primary insomnia, jet lag, nicotine withdrawal, preoperative anxiety and sedation, prostate cancer, solid tumors (when combined with IL-2 therapy in certain cancers), sunburn prevention (topical use), tardive dyskinesia, thrombocytopenia associated with cancer, chemotherapy and other disorders. P05164;P46597;P16083;P62158;P49286;P27797;P03372;Q92753;P48039;P11678 0.896581 DB04821 Nomifensine withdrawn 4528 Nomifensine, formerly marketed as Merital capsules, was associated with an increased incidence of hemolytic anemia. The approved application holder removed Merital capsules from the market on January 23, 1986. FDA published a notice of its determination that Merital capsules were removed from the market for safety reasons (see the Federal Register of June 17, 1986 (51 FR 21981)). Approval of the NDA for Merital capsules was withdrawn on March 20, 1992 (see the Federal Register of March 20, 1992 (57 FR 9729)). Also withdrawn from the Canadian and UK markets. P21397;P23975;Q01959;P05164;P27338 0.896581 DB00244 Mesalazine approved 4075 An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the salicylates, which is active in inflammatory bowel disease. It is considered to be the active moiety of sulphasalazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed) For the treatment of active ulcerative proctitis. O15111;P09917;P05164;P23219;P35354;P0A5L8;P37231;O14920 0.896581 DB00583 L-Carnitine approved 10917 Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. [PubChem] For treatment of primary systemic carnitine deficiency, a genetic impairment of normal biosynthesis or utilization of levocarnitine from dietary sources, or for the treatment of secondary carnitine deficiency resulting from an inborn error of metabolism such as glutaric aciduria II, methyl malonic aciduria, propionic acidemia, and medium chain fatty acylCoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. Parenteral levocarnitine is indicated for the prevention and treatment of carnitine deficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease. P43155;O76082;P05164;Q9H015;O43772;P23141;P50416;P23786;Q8N8R3;Q9UKG9;P47989 0.896581 DB00535 Cefdinir approved 6915944 Cefdinir (marketed by Abbott Laboratories under the brand name Omnicef) is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic in the third generation of the cephalosporin class, proven effective for common bacterial infections of the ear, sinus, throat, and skin. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December of 1997. For the treatment of the respiratory, skin, soft tissue, and ENT infections caused by H. influenzae (including b-lactamase producing strains), H. parainfluenzae (including b-lactamase producing strains), S. pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains), S. pyogenes, S. aureus (including b-lactamase producing strains), and M. catarrhalis. P08149;P05164;Q60FT7 0.896581 DB03127 Benzamidine experimental 444655 P42126;P35030;O00244;P07478;P68400;P00775;Q92876;Q9Y5Y6;P00749;P07477 0.88858509155 DB03046 7-Methoxy-8-[1-(Methylsulfonyl)-1h-Pyrazol-4-Yl]Naphthalene-2-Carboximidamide experimental 5289529 P00749 0.869845 DB00013 Urokinase approved Low molecular weight form of human urokinase, that consists of an A chain of 2,000 daltons linked by a sulfhydryl bond to a B chain of 30,400 daltons. Recombinant urokinase plasminogen activator Urokinase can be used for the treatment of pulminary embolism, coronary artery thrombosis, IV catheter clearance, and venous and arterial blood clots. P98164;Q03405;P05154;P00747;P00750;P14543;Q9Y5Y6;P00749;P05120;P05121 0.869845 DB07076 6-[(Z)-AMINO(IMINO)METHYL]-N-[3-(CYCLOPENTYLOXY)PHENYL]-2-NAPHTHAMIDE experimental 447734 P00749 0.869845 DB00594 Amiloride approved 16231 A pyrazine compound inhibiting sodium reabsorption through sodium channels in renal epithelial cells. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with diuretics to spare potassium loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705) For use as adjunctive treatment with thiazide diuretics or other kaliuretic-diuretic agents in congestive heart failure or hypertension. P19801;P19634;P78348;Q16515;P37088;P51170;P51172;P51168;P00749 0.869845 DB08072 4-(2-AMINOETHOXY)-3,5-DICHLORO-N-[3-(1-METHYLETHOXY)PHENYL]BENZAMIDE experimental 23653530 P00749 0.869845 DB08697 4-(2-aminoethoxy)-N-(3-chloro-5-piperidin-1-ylphenyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide experimental P00749 0.869845 DB06855 6-FLUORO-2-(2-HYDROXY-3-ISOBUTOXY-PHENYL)-1H-BENZOIMIDAZOLE-5-CARBOXAMIDINE experimental 6102526 P00749 0.869845 DB01977 6-(N-Phenylcarbamyl)-2-Naphthalenecarboxamidine experimental 447732 P00749 0.869845 DB02551 6-[N-(4-Ethyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-Isoquinolinyl)Carbamyl]-2-Naphthalenecarboxamidine experimental 447731 P00749 0.869845 DB03082 6-[(Z)-Amino(Imino)Methyl]-N-[4-(Aminomethyl)Phenyl]-4-(Pyrimidin-2-Ylamino)-2-Naphthamide experimental 448605 P00749 0.869845 DB03782 N-(1-Adamantyl)-N'-(4-Guanidinobenzyl)Urea experimental 4286 P00749 0.869845 DB07626 4-(2-aminoethoxy)-N-(3-chloro-2-ethoxy-5-piperidin-1-ylphenyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide experimental 23653533 P00749 0.869845 DB03729 2-Amino-5-Hydroxy-Benzimidazole experimental 162636 P00749 0.869845 DB02473 6-[N-(1-Isopropyl-3,4-Dihydro-7-Isoquinolinyl)Carbamyl]-2-Naphthalenecarboxamidine experimental 447735 P00749 0.869845 DB02526 CRA_10655 experimental 6119062 P00749;P07477 0.869845 DB02193 2-(2-Hydroxy-Phenyl)-1h-Benzoimidazole-5-Carboxamidine experimental P00734;P00749;P07477 0.869845 DB03865 6-Chloro-2-(2-Hydroxy-Biphenyl-3-Yl)-1h-Indole-5-Carboxamidine experimental 445843 P00734;P05981;P00749;P07477 0.869845 DB01905 2-(2-Hydroxy-5-Methoxy-Phenyl)-1h-Benzoimidazole-5-Carboxamidine experimental 5353303 P00749;P07477 0.869845 DB06856 6-FLUORO-2-[2-HYDROXY-3-(2-METHYL-CYCLOHEXYLOXY)-PHENYL]-1H-INDOLE-5-CARBOXAMIDINE experimental 445849 P00749 0.869845 DB04172 [2,4,6-Triisopropyl-Phenylsulfonyl-L-[3-Amidino-Phenylalanine]]-Piperazine-N'-Beta-Alanine experimental 46936909 P00749 0.869845 DB07625 4-(2-aminoethoxy)-N-(2,5-diethoxyphenyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide experimental 23653531 P00749 0.869845 DB03136 4-Iodobenzo[B]Thiophene-2-Carboxamidine experimental 1746 P00734;P00749;P07477 0.869845 DB03476 Trans-6-(2-Phenylcyclopropyl)-Naphthalene-2-Carboxamidine experimental 448841 P00749 0.869845 DB02705 6-[N-(1-Isopropyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-7-Isoquinolinyl)Carbamyl]-2-Naphthalenecarboxamidine experimental 447736 P00749 0.869845 DB04059 8-(Pyrimidin-2-Ylamino)Naphthalene-2-Carboximidamide experimental 448610 P00749 0.869845 DB03159 CRA_8696 experimental 447476 P00734;P00749;P07477 0.869845 DB06854 2-(2-HYDROXY-BIPHENYL)-1H-BENZOIMIDAZOLE-5-CARBOXAMIDINE experimental 5353305 P00734;P00749 0.869845 DB07122 1-[4-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)phenyl]guanidine experimental 16758228 P00749 0.869845 DB03876 Thieno[2,3-B]Pyridine-2-Carboxamidine experimental 5438 P00749;P07477 0.869845 DB07129 (2R)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propan-2-amine experimental 180621 P00749 0.869845 DB02398 6-[N-(4-(Aminomethyl)Phenyl)Carbamyl]-2-Naphthalenecarboxamidine experimental 447733 P00749 0.869845 DB06857 N-(4-CARBAMIMIDOYL-3-CHORO-PHENYL)-2-HYDROXY-3-IODO-5-METHYL-BENZAMIDE experimental 4300 P00749 0.869845 DB00691 Moexipril approved 91270 Moexipril is a non-sulfhydryl containing precursor of the active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor moexiprilat. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It works by relaxing blood vessels, causing them to widen. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems. For the treatment of hypertension. Q9BYF1;P12821 0.847083 DB00584 Enalapril approved Enalapril is a prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly metabolized in the liver to enalaprilat following oral administration. Enalaprilat is a potent, competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Enalapril may be used to treat essential or renovascular hypertension and symptomatic congestive heart failure. For the treatment of essential or renovascular hypertension and symptomatic congestive heart failure. It may be used alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics. P12821 0.847083 DB01348 Spirapril approved 5311447 Spirapril is an ACE inhibitor antihypertensive drug used to treat hypertension. Like many ACE inhibitors, this is a prodrug which is converted to the active metabolite spiraprilat following oral administration. ACE inhibitors are used primarily in treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Spirapril is an ACE inhibitor class drug used to treat hypertension. P12821 0.847083 DB00178 Ramipril approved 5362129 Ramipril is a prodrug belonging to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is metabolized to ramiprilat in the liver and, to a lesser extent, kidneys. Ramiprilat is a potent, competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Ramipril may be used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, nephropathy, and to reduce the rate of death, myocardial infarction and stroke in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events. For the management of mild to severe hypertension. May be used to reduce cardiovascular mortality following myocardial infarction in hemodynamically stable individuals who develop clinical signs of congestive heart failure within a few days following myocardial infarction. To reduce the rate of death, myocardial infarction and stroke in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events. May be used to slow the progression of renal disease in individuals with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and microalubinuria or overt nephropathy. P12821 0.847083 DB01340 Cilazapril approved One of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat. [PubChem] Cilazapril is an ACE inhibtor class drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. P12821 0.847083 DB01180 Rescinnamine approved 5280954 Rescinnamine is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used as an antihypertensive drug. It is an alkaloid obtained from Rauwolfia serpentina and other species of Rauwolfia. [Wikipedia] For the treatment of hypertension. P12821 0.847083 DB00722 Lisinopril approved 5362119 Lisinopril is a potent, competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Lisinopril may be used to treat hypertension and symptomatic congestive heart failure, to improve survival in certain individuals following myocardial infarction, and to prevent progression of renal disease in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy. For the treatment of hypertension and symptomatic congestive heart failure. May be used in conjunction with thrombolytic agents, aspirin and/or β-blockers to improve survival in hemodynamically stable individuals following myocardial infarction. May be used to slow the progression of renal disease in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy. Q9BYF1;P12821 0.847083 DB02032 1-(3-Mercapto-2-Methyl-Propionyl)-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid experimental 688267 P26918;Q9K578;P52700;O08498;Q9KKU4;P12821 0.847083 DB00492 Fosinopril approved 55891 Fosinopril is a phosphinic acid-containing ester prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly hydrolyzed to fosinoprilat, its principle active metabolite. Fosinoprilat inhibits ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Fosinopril may be used to treat mild to moderate hypertension, as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure, and to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy. For treating mild to moderate hypertension, use as an adjunct in treating congestive heart failure, and may be used to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy. P12821 0.847083 DB00881 Quinapril approved 54892 Quinapril is a prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is metabolized to quinaprilat (quinapril diacid) following oral administration. Quinaprilat is a competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Quinapril may be used to treat essential hypertension and congestive heart failure. For the treatment of hypertension and as adjunct therapy in the treatment of congestive heart failure. May also be used to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy. P12821 0.847083 DB00519 Trandolapril approved 5484727 Trandolapril is a non-sulhydryl prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is metabolized to its biologically active diacid form, trandolaprilat, in the liver. Trandolaprilat inhibits ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Trandolapril may be used to treat mild to moderate hypertension, to improve survival following myocardial infarction in clinically stable patients with left ventricular dysfunction, as an adjunct treatment for congestive heart failure, and to slow the rate of progression of renal disease in hypertensive individuals with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy. For the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, as an adjunct in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF), to improve survival following myocardial infarction (MI) in individuals who are hemodynamically stable and demonstrate symptoms of left ventricular systolic dysfunction or signs of CHF within a few days following acute MI, and to slow progression of renal disease in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria or overt nephropathy. P12821 0.847083 DB00542 Benazepril approved 5362124 Benazepril, brand name Lotensin, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. Upon cleavage of its ester group by the liver, benazepril is converted into its active form benazeprilat, a non-sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. For the treatment of hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics. P12821 0.847083 DB00790 Perindopril approved 107807 Perindopril is a nonsulfhydryl prodrug that belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class of medications. It is rapidly metabolized in the liver to perindoprilat, its active metabolite, following oral administration. Perindoprilat is a potent, competitive inhibitor of ACE, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Perindopril may be used to treat mild to moderate essential hypertension, mild to moderate congestive heart failure, and to reduce the cardiovascular risk of individuals with hypertension or post-myocardial infarction and stable coronary disease. For the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension, mild to moderate congestive heart failure, and to reduce the cardiovascular risk of individuals with hypertension or post-myocardial infarction and stable coronary disease. P12821 0.847083 DB03740 2-(Acetylamino)-2-Deoxy-a-D-Glucopyranose experimental 440552 The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine. [PubChem] P22303;Q9HYN5;P04062;P12821;P01857;P05884;Q9Y286;P32884;O34928 0.847083 DB01197 Captopril approved 44093 Captopril is a potent, competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Captopril may be used in the treatment of hypertension. For the treatment of essential or renovascular hypertension (usually administered with other drugs, particularly thiazide diuretics). May be used to treat congestive heart failure in combination with other drugs (e.g. cardiac glycosides, diuretics, β-adrenergic blockers). May improve survival in patients with left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction. May be used to treat nephropathy, including diabetic nephropathy. P14780;P08253;P12821 0.847083 DB00616 Candoxatril approved Candoxatril is the orally-active prodrug of candoxatrilat (UK-73967), the active enantiomer of candoxatrilat (UK-69578), a potent neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor used in the treatment of chronic heart failure. For treatment of hypertension, improve exercise capacity in patients with CHF receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. P08473;P12821 0.847083 DB08836 Temocapril experimental Temocapril is a prodrug-type angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor not approved for use in the United States, but is approved in Japan and South Korea. Temocapril can also be used in hemodialysis patients without risk of serious accumulation. Temocapril is an ACE inhibitor primarily indicated in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and improvement of prognosis for coronary artery diseases (including acute myocardial infarction). P12821 0.847083 DB01083 Orlistat approved 3034010 Orlistat is a drug designed to treat obesity. Its primary function is preventing the absorption of fats from the human diet, thereby reducing caloric intake. Orlistat works by inhibiting pancreatic lipase, an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides in the intestine. Without this enzyme, triglycerides from the diet are prevented from being hydrolyzed into absorbable free fatty acids and are excreted undigested. For obesity management including weight loss and weight maintenance when used in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet. Also used to reduce the risk for weight regain after prior weight loss. Use of orlistat is pending revision due to reports of liver-related adverse events. P16233;P49327;P07098 0.445219824209 DB02457 Undecyl-Phosphinic Acid Butyl Ester experimental 46936391 P07098 0.390938 DB03245 S-4-Nitrobutyryl-Coa experimental Q92947 0.231777 DB03147 Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide experimental 643975 A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) P21397;Q9WYT0;P00387;P10902;O06934;Q9KIE5;P20586;P37747;P42593;P77967;P16640;P40859;P18925;P0C278;P61432;Q56839;P05327;Q15067;P08373;P06715;Q51225;P09622;Q52437;P16219;Q9Z4P0;Q9RA47;Q9UKU7;P55792;P00438;P16435;P58558;P24232;P27338;P09063;Q06319;P15559;P38038;P0A9P4;P83223;P28593;Q92947;O95831;Q888A4;P21890;Q9UHQ9;P14920;P00390;Q12882;P37062;Q16881;O31616;P37063;Q47PU3;P12676;P22570;O05783;P35340;P22637;Q7SID9;P06149;P00914;P09788;P47989;Q9RC23;Q94655;P14218;Q72JJ3;Q9AGP8;P55789;Q44532;P16083;P28861;P11310;Q9LAG2;P0AEZ1;Q96RQ9;P07771;P29475;P39662;P19480;P09546;P61497;Q86YB8;O53355;P26440 0.231777 DB08607 (5R)-5-(4-{[(2R)-6-HYDROXY-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-CHROMEN-2-YL]METHOXY}BENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-2,4-DIONE experimental 9824580 P10632 0.225504 DB03796 Palmitic Acid experimental 985 A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. [PubChem] Q14541;P00709;O76054;P08100;P10632;O43617;P09466;P50897;P02689;P83812;Q9X1H9 0.225504 DB08326 2-(6-HYDROXY-1,3-BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YL)-1,3-THIAZOL-4(5H)-ONE experimental 6420152 Q96GR2 0.224939 DB03175 1-Proponol experimental 1031 A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate. [PubChem] P61626 0.218336 DB04194 Chitotriose experimental 46936918 P61626 0.218336 DB02772 Sucrose experimental 46936484 A nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from sugarcane, sugar beet (beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener. [PubChem] Q9L5C8;P68133;P0A094;Q9Y3I0;P83689;P11759;P00811;P71119;Q59976;O00244;Q840M4;Q02169;P61626;P05655;Q9L5C7;P22340;Q9ZEU2 0.218336 DB03120 Para-Toluene Sulfonate experimental 6101 P61626;P09668 0.218336 DB03189 Cu-Cyclam experimental 656981 P61626 0.218336 DB02250 Cu-Bicyclam experimental 23644096 P61626 0.218336 DB03487 3-Aminosuccinimide experimental 32017976 P61626;P0AE67 0.218336 DB06912 UNDECA-3,7-DIENE-1,3,7,11-TETRACARBALDEHYDE experimental 46937035 P61626 0.218336 DB03013 Di(N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine) experimental 46936555 Q54468;P15291;P61626 0.218336 DB03006 4-Aminophenylarsonic Acid experimental 7389 An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals. [PubChem] P61626 0.218336 DB00128 L-Aspartic Acid approved;nutraceutical 5960 One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter. [PubChem] There is no support for the claim that aspartates are exercise performance enhancers, i.e. ergogenic aids. Q03154;Q5SY84;Q5T6L4;P00966;P22234;P08243;Q546F9;P27708;P07998;P61626;Q9UJS0;O75746;Q96HD9;P30520;Q12797;P14868;Q7L266;P17174;Q6PI48;P45381;Q2TU84;P00505;Q8N142;P43005 0.218336 DB02759 4-Methylumbelliferyl Chitobiose experimental 46936482 P61626 0.218336 DB04268 Methylumbelliferyl Chitotriose experimental 46936938 P61626 0.218336 DB03967 Dodecyl Sulfate experimental 8778 P61626;P37001 0.218336 DB07670 4-METHYL-N-METHYL-N-(2-PHENYL-2H-PYRAZOL-3-YL)BENZENESULFONAMIDE experimental 447297 P33260 0.215684 DB04233 (Hydroxyethyloxy)Tri(Ethyloxy)Octane experimental 5414 Q72JD8;Q9K597;P08100;P02931;Q9RBW8;Q9HVJ6;P32722;P04118;P10384;O33407;P16233;Q48152;P05695;Q9HUR5;P76045;P07110;P31243;P06129;A5W4F4;P33247;P0A910;P0A917;P0A915;P39767;P74334 0.213045 DB08222 METHOXYUNDECYLPHOSPHINIC ACID experimental 446977 P16233;P04118 0.213045 DB00252 Phenytoin approved 1775 An anticonvulsant that is used in a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs. [PubChem] For the control of generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) and complex partial (psychomotor, temporal lobe) seizures and prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during or following neurosurgery. Q14524;P35498 0.208914 DB04855 Dronedarone approved 208898 Dronedarone is a sinus rhythm controller for management of paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation. Classified as a Class III antiarrhythmic but displays properties of all four Vaughan-Williams classes, dronedarone blocks a multitude of channels (sodium, potassium, calcium), and demonstrates antiadrenergic properties. Chemically, it is a benzofuran derivative. FDA approved on July 1, 2009. Management of paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation via restoration of normal sinus rhythm. P54284;Q08289;P18825;Q12809;O95069;P18089;O00305;P08588;P08913;Q02641;P25100;P35498;P35368;Q13698;O60840;Q01668;P35348;Q13936 0.208914 DB01595 Nitrazepam approved 4506 A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic. Used to treat short-term sleeping problems (insomnia), such as difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and early-morning awakening. Q9UN88;P24046;Q16445;P18507;P18505;A8MPY1;O00591;O14764;P48169;P47870;P28476;Q8N1C3;P31644;P14867;P28472;P35498;P47869;P34903;Q99928;P78334 0.208914 DB00909 Zonisamide approved 5734 Zonisamide is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant approved for use as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures. Zonisamide may be a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor although this is not one of the primary mechanisms of action. Zonisamide may act by blocking repetitive firing of voltage-gated sodium channels leading to a reduction of T-type calcium channel currents, or by binding allosterically to GABA receptors. This latter action may inhibit the uptake of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA while enhancing the uptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. For use as adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. P21397;P35219;P43166;P27338;O60939;P23280;Q9NY72;Q16790;Q99250;P35218;Q8N1Q1;Q14524;O95180;Q9Y2D0;Q9P0X4;O43497;Q8IWT1;Q9NS85;P35499;P35498;O43570;O75493;Q9NY46;P00918;P22748;P07451;Q07699;Q15858;Q9ULX7;P00915;Q9UI33 0.208914 DB01121 Phenacemide approved 4753 Phenacemide is used to control certain seizures in the treatment of epilepsy. This medicine acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to reduce the number and severity of seizures. Used to control certain seizures in the treatment of epilepsy. P35498 0.208914 DB04930 Permethrin approved 40326 A pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of lice infestations and scabies. It is a yellow to light orange-brown, low melt-ing solid or viscous liquid. For the treatment of infestation with Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies). P35498 0.208914 DB01438 Phenazopyridine approved 4756 A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity. [PubChem] For the symptomatic relief of pain, burning, urgency, frequency, and other discomforts arising from irritation of the lower urinary tract mucosa caused by infection, trauma, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or the passage of sounds or catheters. P35498 0.208914 DB00273 Topiramate approved 5284627 Topiramate (brand name Topamax) is an anticonvulsant drug produced by Ortho-McNeil Neurologics, a division of Johnson & Johnson. It is used to treat epilepsy in both children and adults. In children it is also indicated for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (a disorder that causes seizures and developmental delays). It is also Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for, and now most frequently prescribed for, the prevention of migraines. [Wikipedia]. A combination product containing phentermine + topiramate extended-release called QSYMIA? is indicated for the management of obesity. Used for the treatment and control of partial seizures and severe tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures and also for the prevention of migraine headaches. In children it is also used for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Qsymia? is indicated for the treatment and management of obesity. P39086;P00918;P14867;P35498;P22748 0.208914 DB03925 ONO-6818 experimental 46936829 Investigated for use/treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Q9UNI1;P08246 0.199182 DB02114 Para-Isopropylaniline experimental 7464 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB03890 N-[2-(1-Formyl-2-Methyl-Propyl)-1-(4-Piperidin-1-Yl-but-2-Enoyl)-Pyrrolidin-3-Yl]-Methanesulfonamide experimental 6323197 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB03757 (Tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-Alanyl-Alanyl-Amine experimental 46936785 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB08007 (2R)-3-{[(BENZYLAMINO)CARBONYL]AMINO}-2-HYDROXYPROPANOIC ACID experimental 24820112 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB02341 Mdl 101,146 experimental 46936357 Q9UNI1;P08246 0.199182 DB07433 (TERT-BUTYLOXYCARBONYL)-ALANYL-AMINO ETHYL-FORMAMIDE experimental 5287737 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB06951 (3R)-3-ethyl-N-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-L-aspartic acid experimental 444650 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB08614 3-[[(METHYLAMINO)SULFONYL]AMINO]-2-OXO-6-PHENYL-N-[3,3,3-TRIFLUORO-1-(1-METHYLETHYL)-2-OXOPHENYL]-1(2H)-PYRIDINE ACETAMIDE experimental 5289460 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB07956 [1-(3-CHLORO-2-FORMYL-PHENYLCARBAMOYL)-2-METHYL-PROPYL]-CARBAMIC ACID TERT-BUTYL ESTER experimental 5288602 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB08641 (2S,3S)-3-FORMYL-2-({[(4-NITROPHENYL)SULFONYL]AMINO}METHYL)PENTANOIC ACID experimental 6323527 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB03702 2-[4-[[(S)-1-[[(S)-2-[[(Rs)-3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-Isopropyl-2-Oxopropyl]Aminocarbonyl]Pyrrolidin-1-Yl-]Carbonyl]-2-Methylpropyl]Aminocarbonyl]Benzoylamino]Acetic Acid experimental 46936760 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB07955 (2-BROMOETHYL)(2-'FORMYL-4'-AMINOPHENYL) ACETATE experimental 4634717 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB01844 Dimethylformamide experimental 6228 Q9UNI1;P00797 0.199182 DB07957 METHYL(2-ACETOXY-2-(2-CARBOXY-4-AMINO-PHENYL))ACETATE experimental 446501 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB08640 (2S,3S)-3-FORMYL-2-({[(4-METHYLPHENYL)SULFONYL]AMINO}METHYL)PENTANOIC ACID experimental 6323526 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB03202 2-[5-Methanesulfonylamino-2-(4-Aminophenyl)-6-Oxo-1,6-Dihydro-1-Pyrimidinyl]-N-(3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-Isopropyl-2-Oxopropyl)Acetamide experimental 5289459 Q9UNI1 0.199182 DB02613 Decylamine-N,N-Dimethyl-N-Oxide experimental 62452 P54317;P06971;P06653;Q02127 0.194583 DB00805 Minaprine approved 4199 Minaprine is a psychotropic drug which has proved to be effective in the treatment of various depressive states. Like most antidepressants minaprine antagonizes behavioral despair. Minaprine is an amino-phenylpyridazine antidepressant reported to be relatively free of cardiotoxicity, drowsiness, and weight gain. For the treatment of depression P21397;P22303;P28223;P11229;P28335;P41595;P21728;P14416;P31645 0.182061 DB04836 Amineptine illicit;withdrawn 34869 The Food and Drug Administration suspended the marketing authorisation for Survector in 1999 and France withdrew it from the market, however several developing countries continued to produce it up until 2005. For the treatment of depression. P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB01242 Clomipramine approved 2801 Clomipramine, the 3-chloro analog of imipramine, is a dibenzazepine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, clomipramine does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, clomipramine exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Tertiary amine TCAs, such as clomipramine, are more potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake than secondary amine TCAs, such as nortriptyline and desipramine. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine-H1 receptors, α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Clomipramine may be used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and disorders with an obsessive-compulsive component (e.g. depression, schizophrenia, Tourette?s disorder). Unlabeled indications include panic disorder, chronic pain (e.g. central pain, idiopathic pain disorder, tension headache, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain), cataplexy and associated narcolepsy, autistic disorder, trichotillomania, onchophagia, stuttering, premature ejaculation, and premenstrual syndrome. Clomipramine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine. May be used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and disorders with an obsessive-compulsive component (e.g. depression, schizophrenia, Tourette?s disorder). Unlabeled indications include: depression, panic disorder, chronic pain (e.g. central pain, idiopathic pain disorder, tension headache, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain), cataplexy and associated narcolepsy (limited evidence), autistic disorder (limited evidence), trichotillomania (limited evidence), onchophagia (limited evidence), stuttering (limited evidence), premature ejaculation, and premenstrual syndrome. P28223;P28335;P41595;O67854;P09211;P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB00422 Methylphenidate approved 4158 A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of attention-deficit disorders in children and for narcolepsy. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of dextroamphetamine. [PubChem] For use as an integral part of a total treatment program which typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational, social) for a stabilizing effect in children with a behavioral syndrome characterized by the following group of developmentally inappropriate symptoms: moderate-to-severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity. P31645;P23975;Q01959 0.182061 DB00176 Fluvoxamine approved 5324346 Fluvoxamine is an antidepressant which functions pharmacologically as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Though it is in the same class as other SSRI drugs, it is most often used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder. Fluvoxamine has been in use in clinical practice since 1983 and has a clinical trial database comprised of approximately 35,000 patients. It was launched in the US in December 1994 and in Japan in June 1999. As of the end of 1995, more than 10 million patients worldwide have been treated with fluvoxamine. For management of depression and for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Has also been used in the management of bulimia nervosa. P31645 0.182061 DB00579 Mazindol approved 4020 Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than amphetamine, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter. [PubChem] Used in short-term (a few weeks) treatment of exogenous obesity in conjunction with a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction, exercise, and behavior modification in patients with a body mass index of 30 kg of body weight per height in meters squared (kg/m2) or in patients with a body mass index of 27 kg/m2 in the presence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia. P31645;P23975;Q01959 0.182061 DB00852 Pseudoephedrine approved 7028 An alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used in the treatment of several disorders including asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists. [PubChem] For the treatment of nasal congestion, sinus congestion, Eustachian tube congestion, and vasomotor rhinitis, and as an adjunct to other agents in the optimum treatment of allergic rhinitis, croup, sinusitis, otitis media, and tracheobronchitis. Also used as first-line therapy of priapism. Q01959;P08588;P08913;P07550;P31645;P23975;P35348 0.182061 DB00289 Atomoxetine approved 54841 Atomoxetine is the first non-stimulant drug approved for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is sold in the form of the hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine. This chemical is manufactured and marketed under the brand name Strattera; by Eli Lilly and Company and as a generic Attentin by Torrent Pharmaceuticals. There is currently no generic available within the United States due to patent restrictions. [Wikipedia] For the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) alone or in combination with behavioral treatment, as an adjunct to psychological, educational, social, and other remedial measures. P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB00321 Amitriptyline approved 2160 Amitriptyline hydrochloride is a dibenzocycloheptene-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, amitriptyline does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, amitriptyline exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Tertiary amine TCAs, such as amitriptyline, are more potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake than secondary amine TCAs, such as nortriptyline. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine-H1 receptors, α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Amitriptyline may be used to treat depression, chronic pain (unlabeled use), irritable bowel syndrome (unlabeled use), diabetic neuropathy (unlabeled use), post-traumatic stress disorder (unlabeled use), and for migraine prophylaxis (unlabeled use). For the treatment of depression, chronic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, sleep disorders, diabetic neuropathy, agitation and insomnia, and migraine prophylaxis. P08172;P41145;Q9NZV8;P11229;P08173;P41143;P20309;P28223;P25100;Q09470;P08912;P08913;Q9UK17;Q16620;P08908;P35367;P31645;P04629;P23975;P35348;O43526 0.182061 DB01577 Methamphetamine illicit;approved 10836 Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant and sympathomimetic drug. It is a member of the amphetamine group of sympathomimetic amines. Methamphetamine can induce effects such as euphoria, increased alertness and energy, and enhanced self-esteem. It is a scheduled drug in most countries due to its high potential for addiction and abuse. For the treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD) and exogenous obesity. P21397;P27338;P18825;Q96RJ0;Q01959;P18089;Q05940;P08913;P54219;P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB06204 Tapentadol approved 9838022 Opioid analgesic for treatment of moderate to severe pain. FDA approved on Nov 20, 2008. The immediate-release formulation of tapentadol is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe acute pain. The long-acting formulation serves as a continuous, around-the-clock analgesic that is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe chronic pain or neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. P41145;P41143;P35372;P46098;P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB00458 Imipramine approved 3696 Imipramine, the prototypical tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), is a dibenzazepine-derivative TCA. TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, imipramine does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, imipramine exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Tertiary amine TCAs, such as imipramine and amitriptyline, are more potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake than secondary amine TCAs, such as nortriptyline and desipramine. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H1 receptors, α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. Imipramine has less sedative and anticholinergic effects than the tertiary amine TCAs, amitriptyline and clomipramine. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Imipramine may be used to treat depression and nocturnal enuresis in children. Unlabeled indications include chronic and neuropathic pain (including diabetic neuropathy), panic disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For the relief of symptoms of depression and as temporary adjunctive therapy in reducing enuresis in children aged 6 years and older. May also be used to manage panic disorders, with or without agoraphobia, as a second line agent in ADHD, management of eating disorders, for short-term management of acute depressive episodes in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and for symptomatic treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. P08172;P08173;P11229;Q9NZV8;Q9UK17;P28223;P25100;P08912;O67854;P20309;P35367;P31645;P23975;P35348 0.182061 DB01149 Nefazodone approved;withdrawn 4449 Nefazodone hydrochloride (trade name Serzone) is an antidepressant drug marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Its sale was discontinued in 2003 in some countries, due to the small possibility of hepatic (liver) injury, which could lead to the need for a liver transplant, or even death. The incidence of severe liver damage is approximately 1 in 250,000 to 300,000 patient-years. On May 20, 2004, Bristol-Myers Squibb discontinued the sale of Serzone in the United States. [Wikipedia] For the treatment of depression. P28223;P28335;Q01959;P08913;P08908;P31645;P23975;P35348;P35368 0.182061 DB00215 Citalopram approved 2771 Citalopram hydrobromide belongs to a class of antidepressant agents known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Despite distinct structural differences between compounds in this class, SSRIs possess similar pharmacological activity. As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. SSRIs are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin reuptake. They have little to no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake and do not antagonize α- or β-adrenergic, dopamine D2 or histamine H1 receptors. During acute use, SSRIs block serotonin reuptake and increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. Chronic use leads to desensitization of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. The overall clinical effect of increased mood and decreased anxiety is thought to be due to adaptive changes in neuronal function that leads to enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Side effects include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction and headache. Side effects generally occur within the first two weeks of therapy and are usually less severe and frequent than those observed with tricyclic antidepressants. Citalopram is approved for treatment of depression. Unlabeled indications include mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic patients, smoking cessation, ethanol abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children, and diabetic neuropathy. Citalopram has the fewest drug-drug interactions of the SSRIs. For the treatment of depression. Unlabeled indications include: treatment of mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic patients, smoking cessation, ethanol abuse, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children, and diabetic neuropathy. P35367;P31645;P35348;P11229 0.182061 DB00715 Paroxetine approved 43815 Paroxetine hydrochloride and paroxetine mesylate belong to a class of antidepressant agents known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Despite distinct structural differences between compounds in this class, SSRIs possess similar pharmacological activity. As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. SSRIs are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin reuptake. They have little to no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake and do not antagonize α- or β-adrenergic, dopamine D2 or histamine H1 receptors. During acute use, SSRIs block serotonin reuptake and increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. Chronic use leads to desensitization of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. The overall clinical effect of increased mood and decreased anxiety is thought to be due to adaptive changes in neuronal function that leads to enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Side effects include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction and headache (see Toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects). Side effects generally occur during the first two weeks of therapy and are usually less severe and frequent than those observed with tricyclic antidepressants. Paroxetine hydrochloride and mesylate are considered therapeutic alternatives rather than generic equivalents by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); both agents contain the same active moiety (i.e. paroxetine), but are formulated as different salt forms. Clinical studies establishing the efficacy of paroxetine in various conditions were performed using paroxetine hydrochloride. Since both agents contain the same active moiety, the clinical efficacy of both agents is thought to be similar. Paroxetine may be used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder (social phobia), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Paroxetine has the most evidence supporting its use for anxiety-related disorders of the SSRIs. It has the greatest anticholinergic activity of the agents in this class and compared to other SSRIs, paroxetine may cause greater weight gain, sexual dysfunction, sedation and constipation. Labeled indications include: major depressive disorder (MDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social anxiety disorder (social phobia), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Unlabeled indications include: eating disorders, impulse control disorders, vasomotor symptoms of menopause, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children, and mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic individuals. P08172;P08173;P11229;P28223;P08912;P20309;P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB00540 Nortriptyline approved 4543 Nortriptyline hydrochloride, the N-demethylated active metabolite of amitriptyline, is a dibenzocycloheptene-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, nortriptyline does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, nortriptyline exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Secondary amine TCAs, such as nortriptyline, are more potent inhibitors of norepinephrine reuptake than tertiary amine TCAs, such as amitriptyline. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine-H1 receptors, α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Nortriptyline exerts less anticholinergic and sedative side effects compared to the tertiary amine TCAs, amitriptyline and clomipramine. Nortriptyline may be used to treat depression, chronic pain (unlabeled use), irritable bowel syndrome (unlabeled use), diabetic neuropathy (unlabeled use), post-traumatic stress disorder (unlabeled use), and for migraine prophylaxis (unlabeled use). For the treatment of depression, chronic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, sleep disorders, diabetic neuropathy, agitation and insomnia, and migraine prophylaxis. P08172;P08173;P11229;P28223;P25100;P08912;P20309;P08908;P35367;P31645;P23975;P35348 0.182061 DB01363 Ephedra nutraceutical;approved;withdrawn Ephedra is an alkaloid chemical compound traditionally obtained from the plant Ephedra sinica. The sale of ephedra-containing supplements was banned in the United States in 2004. The drug is still sold in Canada in OTC formulations. Ephedra is widely used by athletes, despite a lack of evidence that it enhances athletic performance. Ephedra has also been used for weight loss. P21397;P27338;P18825;P54219;Q01959;P18089;Q05940;P08588;P08913;P31645;P07550;P23975;P13945 0.182061 DB01114 Chlorpheniramine approved 2725 A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than promethazine. [PubChem] For the treatment of rhinitis, urticaria, allergy, common cold, asthma and hay fever. P35367;P31645;P23975;Q01959 0.182061 DB00656 Trazodone approved 5533 A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309) For the treatment of depression. P28223;P28335;P08913;P08908;P35367;P31645;P35348 0.182061 DB00574 Fenfluramine illicit;withdrawn 3337 Fenfluramine was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1997 after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension, including a condition known as cardiac fibrosis. For the management of exogenous obesity as a short-term (a few weeks) adjunct in a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction. P31645;P28335;P41595 0.182061 DB01442 MMDA illicit;experimental 26175 MMDA, or 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, is a stimulant and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine class. It also acts as an entheogen and an entactogen. MMDA bears resemblance to the psychopharmacologically active essential oils elemicin and myristicin found in nutmeg. The effects of MMDA includes feelings of euphoria and warmth, as well as realistic closed-eye visuals. MMDA is a recreational drug. It has no current medical uses and is a Schedule I controlled substance in the USA at present. P21397;P27338;P28223;Q01959;Q05940;P54219;P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB04832 Zimelidine withdrawn 5365247 Zimelidine has been banned worldwide due to serious, sometimes fatal, cases of central and/or peripheral neuropathy known as Guillain-Barr? syndrome and due to a peculiar hypersensitivity reaction involving many organs including skin exanthema, flu-like symptoms, arthralgias, and sometimes eosinophilia. Additionally, zimelidine was charged to cause an increase in suicidal ideation and/or attempts among depressive patients. After its ban, it was succeeded by fluvoxamine and fluoxetine (derived from the antihistamine diphenhydramine) in that order, and the other SSRIs. For the treatment of depression. P21397;P31645;P27338 0.182061 DB00472 Fluoxetine approved 3386 Fluoxetine hydrochloride is the first agent of the class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Despite distinct structural differences between compounds in this class, SSRIs possess similar pharmacological activity. As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. SSRIs are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin reuptake. They have little to no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake and do not antagonize α- or β-adrenergic, dopamine D2 or histamine H1 receptors. During acute use, SSRIs block serotonin reuptake and increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. Chronic use leads to desensitization of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. The overall clinical effect of increased mood and decreased anxiety is thought to be due to adaptive changes in neuronal function that leads to enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Side effects include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction and headache. Side effects generally occur within the first two weeks of therapy and are usually less severe and frequent than those observed with tricyclic antidepressants. Flouxetine may be used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), moderate to severe bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and in combination with olanzapine for treatment-resistant or bipolar I depression. Fluoxetine is the most anorexic and stimulating SSRI. Labeled indication include: major depressive disorder (MDD), moderate to severe bulimia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, and combination treatment with olanzapine for treatment-resistant or bipolar I depression. Unlabeled indications include: selective mutism, mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic patients, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety disorder, chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and Raynaud's phenomenon. P31645 0.182061 DB06700 Desvenlafaxine approved 125017 Desvenlafaxine, the major active metabolite of venlafaxine, is an antidepressant from the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI class). Desvenlafaxine may be used to treat major depressive disorder and is being studied for use in the management of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Desvenlafaxine is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB00193 Tramadol approved 33741 A narcotic analgesic proposed for moderate to severe pain. It may be habituating. [PubChem] Indicated in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Consider for those prone to constipation or respiratory depression. Tramadol is used to treat postoperative, dental, cancer, and acute musculosketetal pain and as an adjuvant to NSAID therapy in patients with osteoarthritis. P41145;P41143;P28335;Q8TCU5;P35372;P20309;Q693P7;P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB00344 Protriptyline approved 4976 Protriptyline hydrochloride is a dibenzocycloheptene-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, protriptyline does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, protriptyline exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. In addition, TCAs down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H1 receptors, α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Protriptyline may be used for the treatment of depression. For the treatment of depression. P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB01472 4-Methoxyamphetamine illicit;experimental 31721 P21397;P27338;Q01959;Q05940;P08913;P31645;P35348 0.182061 DB04896 Milnacipran approved 65833 Milnacipran is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor class. It more potently inhibits norepinephrine uptake than serotonin. It is provided as a racemic mixture. FDA approved in January 2009. Milnacipran is used to treat moderate to severe clinical depression but this indication is not yet FDA-approved in the USA. Milnacipran is labelled for the treatment of fibromyalgia pain. P31645;P23975;Q05586 0.182061 DB00285 Venlafaxine approved 5656 Venlafaxine (Effexor) is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class first introduced by Wyeth in 1993. It is prescribed for the treatment of clinical depression and anxiety disorders. Due to the pronounced side effects and suspicions that venlafaxine may significantly increase the risk of suicide it is not recommended as a first line treatment of depression. However, it is often effective for depression not responding to SSRIs. Venlafaxine was the sixth most widely-used antidepressant based on the amount of retail prescriptions in the US (17.1 million) in 2006. [Wikipedia] For the management of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (social phobia), panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, vasomotor symptoms in women with breast cancer and in postmenopausal women, and neuropathic pain. P31645;P23975;Q01959 0.182061 DB01142 Doxepin approved Doxepin hydrochloride is a dibenzoxepin-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, doxepin does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, doxepin exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Tertiary amine TCAs, such as doxepin and amitriptyline, are more potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake than secondary amine TCAs, such as nortriptyline and desipramine. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H1 receptors, α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. Doxepin has less sedative and anticholinergic effects than amitriptyline. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Doxepin may be used to treat depression and insomnia. Unlabeled indications include chronic and neuropathic pain, and anxiety. Doxepin may also be used as a second line agent to treat idiopathic urticaria. Labeled indications: depression and insomnia. Unlabeled indications: chronic and neuropathic pain, anxiety, idiopathic urticaria. P08172;P08173;P28335;P11229;P18825;P14416;P28223;P25021;P41595;P18089;P08912;P08913;P25100;P20309;P35368;P35367;P31645;P23975;P35348;P08908 0.182061 DB06701 Dexmethylphenidate approved 4158 Dexmethylphenidate is the dextrorotary form of methylphenidate. It is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) and thus a psychostimulant. It is used for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Dexmethylphenidate is used as a treatment for ADHD, ideally in conjunction with psychological, educational, behavioral or other forms of treatment. P31645;P23975;Q01959 0.182061 DB01175 Escitalopram approved 146570 Escitalopram, the S-enantiomer of citalopram, belongs to a class of antidepressant agents known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Despite distinct structural differences between compounds in this class, SSRIs possess similar pharmacological activity. As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. SSRIs are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin reuptake. They have little to no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake and do not antagonize α- or β-adrenergic, dopamine D2 or histamine H1 receptors. During acute use, SSRIs block serotonin reuptake and increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. Chronic use leads to desensitization of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. The overall clinical effect of increased mood and decreased anxiety is thought to be due to adaptive changes in neuronal function that leads to enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Side effects include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction and headache. Side effects generally occur within the first two weeks of therapy and are usually less severe and frequent than those observed with tricyclic antidepressants. Escitalopram may be used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Labeled indications include major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Unlabeled indications include treatment of mild dementia-associated agitation in nonpsychotic patients. P11229;Q01959;P35367;P31645;P23975;P35348 0.182061 DB01191 Dexfenfluramine illicit;approved;withdrawn Dexfenfluramine, also marketed under the name Redux, is a serotoninergic anorectic drug. It was for some years in the mid-1990s approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the purposes of weight loss. However, following multiple concerns about the cardiovascular side-effects of the drug, such approval was withdrawn. For the management of obesity including weight loss and maintenance of weight loss in patients on a reduced calorie diet P31645;P28335 0.182061 DB00661 Verapamil approved 2520 A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent. [PubChem] For the treatment of hypertension, angina, and cluster headache prophylaxis. P54284;Q14524;Q00975;Q12809;O00555;Q14654;Q08289;Q9P0X4;Q13936;Q02641;O00305;O43497;P31645;Q13698;O60840;Q01668 0.182061 DB01105 Sibutramine illicit;approved;withdrawn 5210 Sibutramine (trade name Meridia in the USA, Reductil in Europe and other countries), usually as sibutramide hydrochloride monohydrate, is an orally administered agent for the treatment of obesity. It is a centrally acting stimulant chemically related to amphetamines. Sibutramine is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance in the United States. In October 2010, Sibutramine was withdrawn from Canadian and U.S. markets due to concerns that the drug increases the risk of heart attack and stroke in patients with a history of heart disease. For the treatment of obesity. P31645;P23975;Q01959 0.182061 DB01454 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine illicit;experimental 1615 An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy. [PubChem] Clinical trials are now testing the therapeutic potential of MDMA for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety associated with terminal cancer. MDMA is one of the four most widely used illicit drugs in the U.S. P28223;P28335;Q01959;P41595;Q05940;P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB01151 Desipramine approved 2995 Desipramine hydrochloride is a dibenzazepine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, desipramine does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, desipramine exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. Secondary amine TCAs, such as desipramine and nortriptyline, are more potent inhibitors of norepinephrine reuptake than tertiary amine TCAs, such as amitriptyline and doxepine. TCAs also down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine-H1 receptors, α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Desipramine exerts less anticholinergic and sedative side effects compared to tertiary amine TCAs, such as amitriptyline and clomipramine. Desipramine may be used to treat depression, neuropathic pain (unlabeled use), agitation and insomnia (unlabeled use) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (unlabeled use). For relief of symptoms in various depressive syndromes, especially endogenous depression. It has also been used to manage chronic peripheral neuropathic pain, as a second line agent for the management of anxiety disorders (e.g. panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder), and as a second or third line agent in the ADHD management. P08172;P08173;P28223;P11229;P17405;O67854;P08912;P08588;P20309;P07550;P35367;P31645;P23975;P35348 0.182061 DB00191 Phentermine illicit;approved 4771 A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of dextroamphetamine. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity. [PubChem]. Some common brand names for phentermine are Adipex-P? and Suprenza?. Phentermine is also available in combination medications such as Qsymia?. For the treatment and management of obesity. P21397;P31645;P23975;Q01959;P27338 0.182061 DB00907 Cocaine illicit;approved An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. [PubChem] For the introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of the oral, laryngeal and nasal cavities. Q9Y5Y9;P08172;Q14524;P11229;Q01959;Q9UI33;P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB00514 Dextromethorphan approved The d-isomer of the codeine analog of levorphanol. Dextromethorphan shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used antitussives, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity. [PubChem] For treatment and relief of dry cough. Q8TCU5;P31645;Q99720;Q5T1J1;Q15822 0.182061 DB00543 Amoxapine approved 2170 Amoxapine, the N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent loxapine, is a dibenzoxazepine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). TCAs are structurally similar to phenothiazines. They contain a tricyclic ring system with an alkyl amine substituent on the central ring. In non-depressed individuals, amoxapine does not affect mood or arousal, but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, amoxapine exerts a positive effect on mood. TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. In addition, TCAs down-regulate cerebral cortical β-adrenergic receptors and sensitize post-synaptic serotonergic receptors with chronic use. The antidepressant effects of TCAs are thought to be due to an overall increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. TCAs also block histamine H1 receptors, α1-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic receptors, which accounts for their sedative, hypotensive and anticholinergic effects (e.g. blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention), respectively. See toxicity section below for a complete listing of side effects. Amoxapine may be used to treat neurotic and reactive depressive disorders, endogenous and psychotic depression, and mixed symptoms of depression and anxiety or agitation. For the relief of symptoms of depression in patients with neurotic or reactive depressive disorders as well as endogenous and psychotic depressions. May also be used to treat depression accompanied by anxiety or agitation. P11229;P14867;P21728;P08913;P14416;P31645;P23975;P35348 0.182061 DB00476 Duloxetine approved 60835 Duloxetine (brand names Cymbalta, Yentreve, and in parts of Europe, Xeristar or Ariclaim) is a drug which primarily targets major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pain related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy and in some countries stress urinary incontinence (SUI). It is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company. Duloxetine has not yet been FDA approved for stress urinary incontinence or for fibromyalgia. Duloxetine is a selective SNRI (selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor). Duloxetine is a systemic drug therapy which affects the body as a whole. Known also under the code name LY248686, it is a potent dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), possessing comparable affinities in binding to NE- and 5-HT transporter sites. It is a less potent inhibitor of dopamine reuptake. For the acute and maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as acute management of generalized anxiety disorder. Also used for the management of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. Has been used in the management of moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. P31645;P23975;Q01959 0.182061 DB00726 Trimipramine approved 5584 Tricyclic antidepressant similar to imipramine, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties. [PubChem] For the treatment of depression and depression accompanied by anxiety, agitation or sleep disturbance P28223;Q01959;P18089;P21728;P14416;P08908;P35367;P31645;P23975;P35348;P35368 0.182061 DB06148 Mianserin approved 4184 A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. Mianserin was previously available internationally, however in most markets it has been phased out in favor of Mirtazapine. For the treatment of depression. P28335;P28223;P08913;P35367;P31645;P23975 0.182061 DB01104 Sertraline approved 68617 Sertraline hydrochloride belongs to a class of antidepressant agents known as selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Despite distinct structural differences between compounds in this class, SSRIs possess similar pharmacological activity. As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. SSRIs are potent inhibitors of neuronal serotonin reuptake. They have little to no effect on norepinephrine or dopamine reuptake and do not antagonize α- or β-adrenergic, dopamine D2 or histamine H1 receptors. During acute use, SSRIs block serotonin reuptake and increase serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. Chronic use leads to desensitization of somatodendritic 5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors. The overall clinical effect of increased mood and decreased anxiety is thought to be due to adaptive changes in neuronal function that leads to enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission. Side effects include dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction and headache (see Toxicity section below for a more detailed listing of side effects). Compared to other agents in this class, sertraline may cause greater diarrheal and male sexual dysfunction effects. Side effects generally occur within the first two weeks of therapy and are usually less severe and frequent than those observed with tricyclic antidepressants. Sertraline may be used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and social anxiety disorder (social phobia). For the management of major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, social phobia, premature ejaculation, and vascular headaches. P31645;Q01959 0.182061 DB04178 Di-Stearoyl-3-Sn-Phosphatidylcholine experimental 5313335 P12235;P17213 0.181145 DB00157 NADH approved;nutraceutical 439153 NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH, A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). It forms NADP with the addition of a phosphate group to the 2' position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage.(Dorland, 27th ed) Some evidence suggests that NADH might be useful in treating Parkinson's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. P09601;P40939;P07864;Q16878;P03891;P00374;O14561;P13995;P40394;Q00796;P51553;P56937;Q9UDR5;P00390;P00326;P20839;P40925;P49821;P40926;O43920;P30043;Q9UBM7;Q02338;Q08426;O95479;P48728;P00367;O14556;Q13630;P31937;Q6ZMR3;P30519;P03897;P00387;O00483;P53004;P29803;P52895;Q9Y6M9;P47895;P15121;Q16795;O96000;P08559;Q16798;P16219;P08319;P30838;P03886;P26439;P43353;P49189;P30837;P19404;Q16718;Q02252;P03905;P80365;P03901;P03923;O75438;P51970;P42330;Q92781;Q99714;O95139;P07327;Q04828;P28845;P05093;P05091;O43181;O43674;P21695;O43837;P56556;P03915;P12268;O43175;O75380;Q9NRX3;Q16836;O75306;Q15738;P04035;P17568;P48448;O00217;P49448;O95182;P04406;P10515;P17516;P00338;P09417;O43677;P11177;O43678;O15239;O75251;Q86Y39;O43676;P11766;Q15800;P50213;P00325;P48163;P32322;P15428;Q96C36;O95298;O95299;Q9P0J0;P07195;P14679;Q9BYZ2;Q13423;P51648;P51649;O60701;P56181;P30038;O75489;P09622;P00352;O94788;O95168;O95169;P23368;O95167;Q02928;P11586;P51659;Q02218;Q92506;P28331;O95178;P16083;Q9UI09;P14061;P14060;P49419;P37059;P37058 0.174546